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Hardhead catfish
The hardhead catfish (''Ariopsis felis'') is a saltwater species of sea catfish similar to the gafftopsail catfish. It is one of thirteen species in the genus ''Ariopsis''. The common name, hardhead catfish, is derived from the presence of a hard, bony plate extending rearward toward the dorsal fin from a line between the catfish's eyes.〔Webster, Pearse. Hardhead Catfish. South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. http://www.dnr.sc.gov/cwcs/pdf/Hardheadcatfish.pdf〕 It is an elongate marine catfish that reaches 19.5 in. (49.5 cm) in length. The average weight is less than 1 pound, but they may reach up to 3 pounds. They are often a dirty gray color on top, with white undersides. The world record hardhead catfish is 3 pounds and 5 ounces.
==Habits, distribution, and characteristics==
Hardhead catfish are found mostly in the near shore waters of the Western Atlantic Ocean, around the southeast coast of the United States, around the Florida Keys and the coast of the Gulf of Mexico.〔〔Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2009. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. http://www.fishbase.org version (07/2009)〕 Hardhead catfish are also found in brackish estuaries and river mouths where the bottom is sandy or muddy. It tends to move from shallower to deeper waters in the winter months.
The hardhead catfish has four barbels under the chin, with two more at the corners of the mouth.〔K. Hill, Smithsonian Marine Station 2005. http://www.sms.si.edu/IRLSpec/Ariops_felis.htm〕 These barbels help the catfish find crabs, fish and shrimp in the muddy bays where they live. The dorsal and pectoral fins each are supported by a sharp, slime-covered barbed spine. The dorsal spine is normally erect when the fish is excited and a tennis shoe or even a leather-soled shoe offers little protection. The gafftopsail catfish looks similar to the hardhead catfish, but its dorsal spine has a distinctive fleshy extension (like the fore-and-aft topsail of a ship).
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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